Count the Number of Vowels and Consonants in a Sentence in Java

public class CharcterTypeCount {
  
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         String line = "I have coded more than 50 programs till yet.";
         int digits = 0, spaces = 0 ,vowels = 0, consonants = 0;
  
         line = line.toLowerCase();
         for(int i = 0; i < line.length(); ++i)
         {
             //Checks if the character is a vowel 
             char ch = line.charAt(i);
             if(ch == 'a' || ch == 'e' || ch == 'i'
                 || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u') {
                 ++vowels;
             }
  
             //Checks if the character is a consonant
             else if((ch >= 'a'&& ch <= 'z')) {
                 ++consonants;
             }
    
             //Checks if the character is a digit
             else if( ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
             {
                 ++digits;
             }
  
            //Checks if the character is a space
             else if (ch ==' ')
             {
                 ++spaces;
             }
         }
         System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels);
         System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants);
         System.out.println("Digits: " + digits);
         System.out.println("White spaces: " + spaces);
     }
 } 

Vowels: 12
Consonants: 21
Digits: 2
White spaces: 8

• In this program, there are four conditional statements which check against each of the four possibilities.
• Initially there is an if condition, which determines the possibility of a character being a vowel.
• Next there is an else-if condition checking to see if the character falls in the category of consonants. Note that the sequence of these conditions must follow the same order otherwise a vowel would be passed off as a consonant as well.
• Furthermore, considering there are no alphabets and the first two conditions are false, the third if-else condition has a check to see if the character lies between the limitation of 0-9. If so, it is digit otherwise the last condition is checked.
• Lastly there is an if-else statement which matches the given character to a space character to see if it matches or not.
• To optimize this overall process, the characters in the ‘line’ variable are converted to lowercase letters using toLowerCase() function so that the provision of capital alphabets don’t have to be considered in the conditions.
• The built-in length() function has been utilized for the total string length and charAt() for returning characters based on their indexes.